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History–Tours
18229 January – 1 December 1822 · Rio de Janeiro

Independence of Brazil

Pedro Américo's 1888 painting of Prince Pedro on horseback raising his sword beside the Ipiranga brook
Archival image: Pedro Américo. Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Ordered home by the Portuguese parliament, the prince regent Pedro announced at the palace in Rio in January 1822 that he would stay. On 7 September, beside the Ipiranga brook near São Paulo, he declared Brazil independent, and in December he was crowned emperor in Rio. Unlike its Spanish-speaking neighbours, Brazil became a monarchy, held together as one country and kept slavery until 1888.

Sites

  1. Site 1: Paço ImperialColonial palace where Pedro announced he would stay, now a cultural centre.Map ↗
  2. Site 2: Antiga Sé (Old Cathedral)Carmelite church where Pedro I was crowned emperor.Map ↗
  3. Site 3: Independence Park and Museu do Ipiranga, São PauloMonument holding Pedro I's tomb, and the Ipiranga museum reopened in 2022.Map ↗

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